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W3.CSS Case: Responsive Site


Building a Responsive Web Site From Scratch

In this chapter we will build a W3.CSS responsive website from scratch.

First, start with a simple HTML page, with an initial viewport and a link to W3.CSS.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<title>W3.CSS Case</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3schools.com/lib/w3.css">

<body>
  <h1>My first W3.CSS website!</h1>
  <p>This site will grow as we add more ...</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
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Put Elements in Containers

Now we need to add a common margin and padding to all elements.

To achieve this, put your HTML elements inside containers (<div class="w3-container">)

To make it possible define separate classes for headers. Separate the header from the rest of the content, using a separate <div> element:

Example

<div class="w3-container">
  <h1>My First W3.CSS Website!</h1>
  <p>This site will grow as we add more ...</p>
</div>

<div class="w3-container">
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>
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Color Classes

Color classes defines the color of elements.

This example adds a color to the first <div> element:

Example

<div class="w3-container w3-light-grey">
  <h1>My First W3.CSS Website!</h1>
  <p>This site will grow as we add more ...</p>
</div>

<div class="w3-container">
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>
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Size Classes

Size classes defines the text size for elements.

This example adds a size to both header elements:

Example

<div class="w3-container w3-light-grey">
  <h1 class="w3-jumbo">My First W3.CSS Website!</h1>
  <p class="w3-xxlarge">This sage will grow as we add more ...</p>
</div>

<div class="w3-container">
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>
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Use Semantic Elements

If you like to follow the HTML5 semantic recommendations. please do!

Note It does not matter for W3.CSS if you use <div> or <header>.

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<title>W3.CSS Case</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.w3schools.com/lib/w3.css">
<body>

<header class="w3-container w3-light-grey">
  <h1 class="w3-jumbo">My first W3.CSS website!</h1>
  <p class="w3-xxlarge">This site will grow as we add more ...</p>
</header>

<div class="w3-container">
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  <p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</div>

<footer class="w3-container">
  <p>This is my footer</p>
</footer>

</body>
</html>
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Multicolumn Responsive Layout

With W3.CSS it is easy to create a multicolumn responsive layout.

The columns will rearrange themselves automatically when viewed on different screen sizes.

Some grid rules:

  • Start with a row class <div class="w3-row-padding">
  • Use predefined classes like "w3-third" to quickly make grid columns
  • Place your text content inside the grid columns

This example shows how to create three columns of equal width:

Example

<div class="w3-row-padding">
  <div class="w3-third">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-third">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-third">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
</div>
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This example shows how to create four columns of equal width:

Example

<div class="w3-row-padding">
  <div class="w3-quarter">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-quarter">
     <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
 </div>
  <div class="w3-quarter">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-quarter">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
</div>
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Columns With Different Widths

This example creates a three-column layout where the column in the middle is wider than the first and last column:

Example

 <div class="w3-row-padding">
  <div class="w3-quarter">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-half">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="w3-quarter">
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
    incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</p>
  </div>
</div>
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Navigation Bars

A navigation bar is a navigation header that is placed at the top of the page.

Example

<nav class="w3-topnav w3-green">
  <a href="#">Home</a>
  <a href="#">Link 1</a>
  <a href="#">Link 2</a>
  <a href="#">Link 3</a>
  <a href="#">Link 4</a>
</nav>
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Side Navigation

With side navigation, you have several options:

  • Always display the navigation pane to the left of the page content.
  • Open the navigation pane, hiding the left part of the page content.
  • Open the navigation pane, hiding all of the page content.
  • Shift the page content to the right, when opening the navigation pane.

This example opens the navigation pane, hiding a part of the page content:

<nav class="w3-sidenav w3-black w3-card-2" style="display:none">
  <a href="#">Link 1</a>
  <a href="#">Link 2</a>
  <a href="#">Link 3</a>
  <a href="#">Link 4</a>
  <a href="#">Link 5</a>
</nav>

JavaScript used to open and hide the menu:

function w3_open() {
    document.getElementsByClassName("w3-sidenav")[0].style.display = "block";
}
function w3_close() {
    document.getElementsByClassName("w3-sidenav")[0].style.display = "none";
}
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